Different Types of Argument
There are three different types of argument, such as:
- Toulmin Argument
- Classical Argument
- Rogerian Argument
Every writer has different needs for each writing situation, but knowing which one is right for you and your audience's interests will depend on a chosen topic or argumentative strategy.
Let’s discuss them in detail.
1. Toulmin Argument
The Toulmin argument is a great way to structure your arguments. British philosopher Stephen Toulmin created it. It involves breaking down an idea or claim into six parts:
- Grounds: The evidence that supports your claim.
- Claim: If you want your audience to believe, accept, or act upon something, they must understand the argument.
- Rebuttal: One of the most important things you can do to prevent an argument is to accept an opposing argument that may not hold.
- Warrant: Links the ground to the claim.
- Qualifier: The degree of certainty is the most important factor when deciding if your claim is true.
- Backing: Gives additional support for the claim.
The Toulmin model is a great way to write an argumentative essay. When there's no clear truth or absolute solution to a problem, this model works well.
Here is a structure for your ease.
Introduction
Main Body
Conclusion
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Here is an example for your ease.
2. Classical Argument
One of the oldest organizing devices in rhetoric is called a classical argument. The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle developed this argument model in which ethos, pathos, and logos play their respective roles. The three elements of this persuasion technique aim to convince the audience that they should believe what you're saying.
The classical argument is a useful heuristic for developing effective arguments, but it’s not the only way to make your points. Using this framework can help you cover all of your audience's needs and provide them with something they'll need.
Moreover, the classical argument consists of four parts:
Introduction and Narration
Confirmation
Concession and Refutation
Conclusion
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Below is an example that gives you a better idea of the classical argument.
3. Rogerian Argument
Rogers' model of argument is an approach for analyzing arguments in order to find a middle ground between two opposing parties. It works on collaboration and cooperation, acknowledging that they can be seen from different perspectives when looking at something or someone's point-of-view.
The Rogerian model is used when your audience is hostile and non-conciliatory. This is also known as "the win-win argument."
Below is a structure of the Rogerian argument model.
Introduction
Main Body
Conclusion
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You can use different types of rhetoric depending on whether or not people already agree with you. If they do, you want to make sure that their trust in your idea increases and that they will stay with it. This is what you would do if someone agreed with your position.
But suppose the person does not agree with your position. In that case, you need to tone down the rhetoric and break it into objective elements such as explaining their arguments and contexts before they stop listening to your ideas.
The following is an example of the Rogerian argument for your help.
Types of Arguments In Logical Reasoning
There are two common types of argument in logical reasoning:
1. Deductive Argument
A deductive argument is a top-down approach in which you reach your conclusion based on an assumed premise.
Police use this approach to solve cases. The police's approach in solving cases is a logical one. They start with the suspect they have already decided on and then use it as a launching point for building their hypothesis about who committed that crime.
2. Inductive Argument
An inductive argument is a type of logical proof where if the premises are assumed to be true, then it's likely that your conclusion will be too. This bottom-up approach allows you to arrive at conclusions based on observations. It is the form of an argument based on authority.
Every argument has a premise and conclusion. However, premises can be true or false, and they all serve as truth-bearers that will either support your point of view or not.
Keep the deductive and inductive argument type in mind when making an argument.
Now that you know the different types of arguments, it's easy to structure your own. But if you still have any confusion, simply consult 5StarEssays.com.
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